In 1973, Arne Naess coined the concept of “deep ecology” in a summary published in the journal Inquiry. He distinguished two paradigms, called superficial and deep ecology, from the view that non-human life deserves moral consideration. [Sources: 2, 13]
In this sense, deep ecology refers to an environmental philosophy that criticizes the deep-seated world view and proposes radical alternatives. It differs from other forms of environmental protection in that it makes a strong distinction between deep and superficial theories about the nature of human life. Deep ecology has been criticized as an alternative theory whose implications are superficial. Richard Warwick, a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, called “deep ecology” “the view that one finds in eco-feminism and social ecology.” [Sources: 10, 11, 16]
Teaching “deep ecology” in class, in textbooks, or in essays would immediately invalidate the ethos and purpose of deep ecology. [Sources: 9]
It serves as a philosophical approach to environmental protection, opposing the human-centered approach and typically advocating equal rights for all elements that make up an ecosystem. The philosophical and moral framework of deep ecology thus transcends ecology, which makes use of the so-called reductionist character of a complex, system-based model based on the principles of natural selection, natural history and natural law. What the “deep ecology” offers us is a flood of eco-la-la that plagiarizes from a radically different ideological context. [Sources: 3, 4, 6, 7]
In contrast, deep ecology is a branch of ecological philosophy that questions how we negatively influence the environment. It offers an alternative to environmental policies, which could in turn steer human activities away from supposed self-destruction toward a more ethical approach. [Sources: 11]
In this article, “American environmental protection” refers to the modern theory that Arne Naess established in his writings in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and to ecology in general. [Sources: 12]
The American ecologist Aldo Leopold, who expressed a deep ecological worldview in his posthumous “Sand County Almanac” (1948). Garrett Hardin’s later essay, “Exploring a New Ethics of Survival,” was also influential, in which he asserted, alongside his own work in what he called “land ethics,” that the roots of the ecological crisis were philosophical in nature. Naess coined the term in the late 1960s and early 1970s as part of his movement “American Environmental Protection.” [Sources: 1]
Life essay “Applying deep ecology to Nature” (New York University Press, 2011), “How to apply it in the job, for example. Life essay, “A New Ethics of Survival as Applied to Nature,” and “Deep Ecology in Nature,” a collection of his essays on the nature of life. [Sources: 0]
Life essay, “Deep Ecology in Nature,” a collection of his essays on the nature of life, and “Hindi deep ecology in nature” (New York University Press, 2011). [Sources: 0]
Life Essay, “Ethics in Nature,” a collection of his essays on the nature of life, and “Hindi deep ecology in nature” (New York University Press, 2011). TV program, quoted in his essay “Deep ecology: applied ethics in applied ecology” (New York City, 2012). [Sources: 0]
Deep ecology: applied ethics in applied ecology (New York University Press, 2012) and “Deep life: application of ecology and ethics” (New York City, 2013). Essay on Nature, “Ethics in Nature,” a collection of his essays on the nature of life, and an essay on the deep ecology in nature. Deep ethics: Applying deep ethics, Kalai – Nadaga – Kadai, or “deep ethics as ethics,” essay in his essay “deep nature – life – ethics. This is the third in a series of essays in this series on his work on ethics and ecology, as well as philosophy. [Sources: 0]
Using a deep ethics, Kalai – Nadaga – Kadai or “deep ethics as ethics,” essay in his essay “Deep nature – life – ethics. The essay teacher at Marathi became professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, and a member of the Berkeley School of Law. [Sources: 0]
Next, I will present Guha’s critique of deep ecology, which consists of four points, and then I will identify the factors that distinguish “deep ecology” from other cultural and ecological ethics, which include other social and political goals. If nature and religion have value (in spirit) in the modern world in this section, his essay on “Deep Ecology and Liberalism” is worth a look in this regard. [Sources: 4]
In the following excerpt, LaChapelle describes the “deep ecology” in the context of human life and juxtaposes philosophy. From the perspective of deep ecology, the author discusses the values, practices and religious traditions that deal with the principles of the Treaty, while providing critiques and reflections that sharpen the conversation. In the 13 religious essays presented in this collection, he reminds us that the assessment of ecosystems as whole life systems does not necessarily include a God. [Sources: 5, 8]
Still, the deep ecological philosophy that Lovelock praises calls on environmental writers like him to push the project Carson has begun even further. He tells us explicitly that he was moved by the ideas of a deep ecology and praises the deep ecologists for recognizing that a change of heart is needed to restore peace with Gaia and the living earth. [Sources: 2]
Sources:
[0]: http://little-cocoon.com/wp-content/0b5cy.php?list=and-ecology-on-applied-deep-nature-ethics-life-essays-and
[1]: http://www.greenfireecoministry.org/deep-ecology/
[2]: https://green.harvard.edu/news/daring-care-deep-ecology-and-effective-popular-environmentalism
[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_ecology
[4]: http://fftermpaperooqm.kmvclub.info/deep-ecology-essay-taqaba3065.html
[5]: https://wildlandsnetwork.org/blog/rewilding-and-deep-ecology-a-tribute-to-dolores-lachapelle/
[6]: http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/socecovdeepeco.html
[7]: https://iep.utm.edu/envi-eth/
[8]: https://www.amazon.ca/Deep-Ecology-World-Religions-Essays/dp/0791448843
[9]: http://www.phoebetickell.com/writing/2016/5/4/xirqu0fbrfcdfw3m0y8lghpo1b5hu0
[10]: https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=8353
[11]: http://environment-ecology.com/deep-ecology/63-deep-ecology.html
[12]: http://rhodes-enviroethics.wikidot.com/deep-ecology
[13]: https://www.ecologise.in/2019/10/30/tribute-arne-naess/
[16]: https://www.britannica.com/topic/deep-ecology